Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Term Paper

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Term Paper Example Finally, the essay will look into the application and implantation of reforms to a healthcare institution. There are eight major elements of the Act as outlined by The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010). The first has to do with expanding access to health insurance coverage to most citizens. This is supported by the second element, which entails the provision of financial help to low-income individuals and families. With the second element, there is an automatic expansion of health insurance coverage to citizens. The third element provides for new competitive marketplaces for entities to acquire health insurance, while at the same time ensuring consumer protection in private health insurance. The fifth element looks into closing gaps in the Medicare program that have been costly. The sixth element allows for provision of preventative care, devoid of co-pays or deductibles. This is supported by the seventh element, which promotes movement towards payment systems that reward excellent care for the patient, coupled with positive outcomes, as opposed to rewarding the volume of care. Elements six and seven promote intensive care for the patient, over extensive care. Preventative care is a large component of quality care; it takes up minimal resources in comparison to care aimed at curing the ailment. The last element promotes more transparency and reporting among healthcare practitioners. This element encompasses all the rest because for the PPACA to take full effect there is need to ensure that all practitioners are playing their role towards ensuring such effectiveness. One of the key changes to operations in the hospital is the evolution of healthcare delivery systems from a mid-level care kind of delivery model to a more virtual care kind (National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 2014). This is

Family in Later Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family in Later Life - Essay Example In the recent past there has been an increase in the number of singles in the US. The word single implies a person who is unmarried, but it is more widely used to refer to all those people who are either divorced or are staying alone because their spouses have expired. For research purposes the term single is taken in its broader meaning, to include any person who lives alone, whether married or otherwise. For understanding the trends in being single in later life one needs to examine the experiences of the elderly as to how they experience life when living alone. â€Å"The trends that underlie increased rates of staying single among younger age groups reflect the interplay of social change and demographic shifts.† (Ingrid Arnet Connidis, 2009, P.96). When people are single at an elderly age then they remain quite isolated from the society and are less social unlike those elderly who have a family. They are not attracted towards their relatives but are closer to friends who ar e also singles. However, in such a case there is a difference in the concept of both the genders. While the single males prefer friends more as companions older females prefer relatives as companions. There is an increasing trend in criminal cases against the elderly who are single such as telemarketing scams.

King control Essay Example for Free

King control Essay After 400 AD, there was no central power in the West, but a central ecclesiastical power, which claimed primacy from the earliest times. The barbarian invasions and the ensuing anarchy resulted in a tremendous growth in the power of the papacy. With the appearance of strong political powers in Europe, a struggle between the papacy and the kings started to grow. The principal disagreement was the proper distribution of power; the king was believed to be the ruler by divine right. Should the King control church as well, contrary to the belief of pope as vicar of God on earth? It was in these circumstances that, Pope Boniface VII appeared on the religious scene in Europe. As Papacy was congested with internal wrangling of war of succession, it is believed that Pope Benedict VI (973-974) was strangled to death. For Boniface VII, papacy was a secular issue, rather than a divine mission, which had to be acquired by all means. After his accession, with in a month, he was forced to leave the Constantinople, but he did not hesitate to steal a large sum of money from the Vatican treasury. After nine years of exile, he returned with an army to depose his successor Pope John XIV (983-984). All these deeds earned him the name of Antipope. According to historians Boniface VII sitting in Peters chair was at the lowest point in the papal history. This decline and corruption in church was visible at the time of Gregory VII accession to the papacy. He laments the unhappy state of the Church in the following words, â€Å"Wherever I turn my eyesto the west, to the north, or to the south, I find bishops who have obtained their office in irregular ways†. Gregory made efforts to stamp out the Church from major evils, for him the Bishop of Rome was not simply the court of last appeal, but the pope was to govern the universal Church as a vicar of St Peter. The medieval kingdoms were religious states and king as the head of people was the supreme authority in religious, as well as in political matters. The spiritual governance was now in the hands of the bishops and pope, kingship had to be understood differently and new foundations laid for the political authority of the state. The state deprived of its spiritual authority was forced to conceive itself as a corporate body independent of the Church. Gregory knew that the customs prevailing in the Church and society had no foundation in ancient Christian tradition. According to him faithfulness did not mean slavish obedience to the rituals, but faith required deeper understanding of the religion. Gregory began his great work of purifying the Church by a reformation of the clergy and enacted a number of decrees, such as banning the office of sacred orders by payment, baring guilty priests from exercising ministries, and rejection of the clerics who failed to obey these injunctions. These decrees were met with vigorous resistance, but were partially successful. Pope Boniface VII and Gregory VII had the same ambitions, but with different point of views. According to Pope Boniface VII, Church cannot not be separated from the state, there had to be balance for this co-existence. Gregory VII, on the contrary de-sacralized the authority of the king, and separated the spiritual world from politics. As a result, the Church became a sovereign body with its own head, administrative structure, body of law, and courts, which eventually gave rise to the modern state. Source: Ullmann. W (1962), The Growth of Papal Government in the Middle Ages: A Study in the Ideological Relation of Clerical to Lay Power, Methuen London. Catholic Encyclopedia, Pope St. Gregory VII (8 Nov. 2005), http://www. newadvent. org/cathen/06791c. htm

US Constitutional Policy for Privacy

US Constitutional Policy for Privacy Case of Reading Weeks v. the United States The main issue in the case The main issue, in this case, was that private property was not to be interfered with unless there was a warranty and if not it was taken as illegal according to the Fourth Amendment. The security officers disallowed from interfering with evidence if it is gotten through illegal means or undertaking illegal searches. Precedent or Laws used by the court to come to its ultimate conclusion The court undertook the case based on the Fourth Amendment to achieve its conclusion. Under this Amendment as per the United States Constitution, the security officers and the federal court are restricted from undertaking cases which involved evidence which was taken from suspects illegally or through unwarranted searches. All searches and arrests are to be issued a warranty so as to be termed as legal as per the law (Vile, 2013). How the court applied the law to the facts of the case The court had to order for his property which included papers and articles returned and he was left free because the police officers who undertook the search had no warranty for the search. Under the Fourth Amendment, he was protected by the law and his property was returned. Conclusion This case played a big role in ensuring that private properties are handled legally and all the rights of individuals are not misused and hence improving equity. Silverthorne Lumber Company, Inc., Et Al. v. United States The main issue in this case The main issue, in this case, was to ensure that any evidence which is gotten by obtaining documents from private property without a permit to be taken as illegal. Precedent or Laws used by the court to come to its ultimate conclusion The court used the exclusionary rule and the Fourth Amendment based on the constitution, which says that the evidence achieved without a permit from a suspect is illegal. The constitutional rights had to be protected in the case as so the case was dismissed because the tax papers copies were gotten without a permit (Cruft, 2015). How the court applied the law to the facts of the case The tax records were copied by the federal agents without the permit and as per the law this records were therefore seen as not perfect and interfered with. The court applied this rule as this led to doing away with the case. Conclusion The case played a good role in ensuring that the documents of individuals are not accessed without his/her knowing and therefore has helped improving privacy. Mapp v. Ohio The main issue in this case The main issue, in this case, was that the obtaining of evidence from a suspect to use in criminal prosecutions which are undertaken without a search warrant and through unreasonable searches. Precedent or Laws used by the court to come to its ultimate conclusion The court made a conclusion of the case based on the interpretation of the fourteenth amendment of the constitution to ensure the protection of the rights of individuals. How the court applied the law to the facts of the case The police officers had gotten to Mapps property and taken unreasonable searches. The court, therefore, had to do away with the evidence which was obtained illegally as per the constitution. Conclusion This case helped to ensure that the evidence obtained from any case is obtained through a way that the suspect is able to know. The role played by the cases to form standards of constitutional searches in the US This cases helped in ensuring there is a protection of rights for all individuals during searches. They have ensured that the privacy of individuals property is considered. They have also ensured that the individuals are able to understand clear reasons for searches before they are done. REFERENCES Cruft, R., Liao, S. Renzo, M. (2015). Philosophical foundations of human rights. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Vile, J. Hudson, D. (2013). Encyclopedia of the Fourth Amendment. Thousand Oaks, Calif: CQ Press.

Environmentalism in Watership Down by Richard Adams Essay -- essays re

The small group of rabbits that left their original warren, Sandleford, to find a new home often uses their little spare time to listen to stories generally told by Dandelion. These stories are often about the Thousand Enemies and how they are a threat to the rabbits, especially El-ahrairah. Humans are presented as one of the â€Å"Thousand.† The author of the book, Richard Adams, displays man in a negative way because of this. Man is portrayed as violent, nonsensical, and abusive to the natural way of life. In the book, Watership Down, Richard Adams portrays the life and style of man in a negative way. In both their old warren and on their journey, the group of rabbits encounters urban development and the city life which relentlessly interfere with their plans. The inciting point is the cause of sub-division development ("Literature in Brief Information about Watership Down.") and humans post a notice in the field where the rabbits live that says: â€Å"THIS IDEALLY SITUATED ESTATE, COMPRISING SIX ACRES OF EXCELLENT BUILDING LAND, IS TO BE DEVELOPED WITH HIGH CLASS MODERN RESIDENCES BY SUTCH AND MARTIN, LIMITED, OR NEWBURY, BERKS† (Adams 8). This residential construction ignites Fiver’s â€Å"visions† which causes the group to leave Sandleford Warren. In a later chapter, Holly and Bluebell seek out Hazel and his group and voice their willingness to join. At the same time, Holly relays the story of what happened in their old warren, Sandleford. Men with the white sticks in their mouths and made the air turn bad to kill the rabbits. Soon after, bulldozers flattened the area, with no regard whatsoever for the well-being of the rabbits. Richard Adams could be seen as taking use of development to get his rabbits to a better place, but such vio... ... them technically part of the man. Because of their connection to man, Richard Adams exposes animals like cats and dogs, which are man’s possessions, in a distasteful way. All in all, Richard Adams has a very negative view when it comes to man: human development and their creatures. His writing really gets into the mind of a rabbit, and through these rabbits he celebrates the natural, undisturbed world in which the rabbits live ("Literature in Brief Information about Watership Down."). Whether the rabbits simply hear about humans or even encounter them, they are generally displayed in a bad way. There may be a few times when there is a caring human, or a courteous animal, but that occurs very rarely. Richard Adams, in his book Watership Down, celebrates the natural created world before humans â€Å"destroyed† it. Websites used: www.answers.com/topic/watership-down-2

Communicating Conflict in Ernest Hemingways Hills Like White Elephants

  Ã‚   Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" touches on an issue as ageless as time: communication problems in a relationship. He tells his story through conversations between the two main characters, the American and the girl. Conflict is created through dialogue as these characters face what most readers believe to be the obstacle of an unexpected pregnancy. Their plight is further complicated by their inability to convey their differing opinions to each other. Symbolism and the title's meaning are other effective means of communicating conflict. To begin, consider the main character's point of view. Single and in his prime, he makes the most of his lifestyle by traveling and seeing new sights. The story is set on one such excursion, at a train station in Spain. Of the complications that might arise from starting a family, one is certain to him: traveling, sight-seeing, and his current lifestyle would be things of the past. These are some of his motivating thoughts as he pleads his case for terminating the pregnancy. He chooses his words advantageously, almost deceitfully, when trying to convince the girl that an abortion is easy surgery: "It's not really an operation at all" (275). Those familiar with the abortion procedure can affirm that it is an operation, and rarely a simple one. This remark reveals how desperate he is to make the decision for the girl. The man further complicates the discussion by contradicting himself. For each time he reassures the girl he wants what she wants, he spends at least one line identifying exactly what he wants. This is clearly seen in the following conversation: "You?ve got to realize . . . that I don?t want you to do it if you don?t want to. I?m perfectly willing ... ...ing, symbolism, and the ageless dilemma of communication problems provides an excellent dialogue, giving the story an interesting twist indicative of his style Works Cited Baker, Sheridan. "Hemingway?s Two-Hearted River." The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: Critical Essays. Ed. Jackson, J. Benson. Durham: Duke UP, 1975. 158. Hemingway, Ernest. "To Maxwell Perkins." 16 Nov. 1933. Ernest Hemingway/Selected Letters, 1917-1961. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York: Charles Scribner?s Sons, 1981. 400. ---, "Hills Like White Elephants." The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway. New York: Charles Scribner?s Sons, 1953. 273-278. Lindsey, Dr. Victor. Personal interview. 25 Sept. 1995. Organ, Dennis, "Hemingway?s ?Hills Like White Elephants?." Explicator. Sum. 1979: 11. "White elephant." Webster?s 21st Century Dictionary of the English Language. 1993 ed.   

Older Than America Essay

1. Film Information: The title of film we watched this week is Older than America. The lead actors and actresses are Adam Beach, Tantoo Cardinal, Bradley Cooper Georgina Lightning, Bradley Cooper, and Tantoo Cardinal. movie was released Oct 12, 2010 by the IFC Films studio. The length of the film is about one hundred minutes. The film genre is trying to expose the history with horror atmosphere. The director of the film is Georgina Lightning . 2. Brief summary: A woman’s haunting visions reveal a Catholic priest’s sinister plot to silence Rain’s mother from speaking the truth about the atrocities that took place at her Native American boarding school. The story along with her daughter, Rain haunted by visions that led to her own mother’s forced institutionalization. The film mixes the true story of the US’s forced boarding of Native American children, subjecting them to a wide variety of abuses. The film is not that easy to follow up because it started with some suspension and wired dreams at the beginning. As the story goes along, more and more clues reveal. It is hard to believe what the boarding school did to Native American kids based on my perception to boarding school. The film has enough twists and turns to keep my attentions while watching it. 3. Identify the main problem(s) or issue(s) addressed in the film: The problem is mainly addressed in boarding school. They remove children from the influence of their families and culture and assimilate them into the dominant Canadian culture. Father Bartoli paralyzed Rain’s mother in order to hide the truth about atrocities in boarding school. The Native American kids were beaten, whipped, raped and killed in the school. Later on, Father Bartoli also tried to convince Auntie Apple to keep Rain in captivity in order to stop memorizing the truth from the past. Rain was somehow rescued from tying up her hands by a spiritual guy who is her classmate in boarding school. She intellectually escaped from the room when the cleaner opened the door. Rain and Jonny decided to discover the truth in the mysterious cellar. After Father Bartoli knew Rain had escaped, he decided to go to cellar to kill her. Finally, Rain collected all the clues and memorized all the things happened in boarding school. Father Batoli was tangled up with all the lost soul who were abused and died under his hands. He got punished. 4. Main characters review: The main characters are Jonny, Rain, Luke, and Father Batoli. Director and co-writer Lightning also plays Rain, the lead role in Older Than America. Rain lives with her police officer boyfriend Johnny (Adam Beach) in snowy, rural Minnesota. Adom Beach plays her boyfriend. Luke (Bradley Cooper) is a government geologist investigating reports of a recent earthquake on his own time; Steve Klamath (Glen Gould) has returned home to run for mayor on an anti-development platform, opposing the incumbent, developer Paul Gunderson (Chris Mulkey). I think the actors are good in these roles especially Johnny because I can feel his love to Rain. They play believable roles, but I was confused about those spiritual figures. They are not quite believable, though. Those children in the board school make me sympathetic. There is no â€Å"Hollywood stereotypes†. 5. Portrayal of authority: Father Bartoli is a typical guy who has authority in religious figures. He is a priest minister who controls all the regulations in boarding school. Auntie Apple (Tantoo Cardinal), who raised Rain, leans heavily upon local Catholic priest Father Bartoli (Steve Yoakum). The two of them shake their heads disapprovingly when Rain and Johnny do not immediately agree to having a Catholic marriage ceremony. The boarding school is a nightmare to Native American children. Priests tried to remove their identity and assimilated them into American culture. I dislike Father Bartoli. He did not only a lot of bad things to the Native American children but also silenced Rain and her mother to erase the past crimes. 6. Discuss the role of gender in the film: The major players are not predominantly of one sex. Johnny has the subordinate role. I think Women and men are not drawn as variations of stereotypes. Rain plays a kindergarten teacher. She is portrayed as a perceptual and strong Native American woman. She cares about her mother very much. The matriarchal female roles are not recognized in the film. Jonny is her husband. He loves Rain very much, too. He cares about everything regarding Rain including family. He behaved anxious and crazy when Rain is disappeared. 7. Discuss the role of class and nation: I did not see any characters do anything for living. Jonny works in police office and Rain works in kindergarten. They seem pretty knowledgeable about their work, and they valued for what they do. There is no very obvious class hierarchy in the film. They are all kind of middle class people in modern society. The film did not spend a lot of attention to portray the poor. 8. Discuss the identity of the Native/tribal/ethnic groups portrayed in the film: I did not really often hear the Native American characters mention something about their identity, but I can feel the sense of strong ethnic tie between real physical characters and those spiritual characters. The souls are the things make this film so special to us. Those souls imply some sort of spiritual culture to Native American. Although they are already died, they still got together and help their companions or ethic group to get through the obstacles. They are likely to be seen in Native Americans’ perspective. The relationship between them is really subtle but meaningful. The live characters try to expose the truth hidden in the boarding school whereas the spiritual characters keep helping them get through the crises. They somehow interact with each other and make the whole story looks reasonable. It is pretty interesting and makes audience want to watch it. The movie really empathizes with the identity issues although the ethnic characters are not actually from the portrayed ethnic group because basically the film tells the repulsive atrocities and assimilation behind the boarding school back 1900s. It wants to remind Native American audiences to recognize the history and do not lose the cultural identity no matter what. 9. How are social and familial relationships portrayed: Throughout the film, Native Americans always have a strong family tie and hold together. In the film, I can feel Rain really loves his mother. She takes care of her a lot even she has got some mental issues. She is also really respecting her mother because she comes to her mother and tells her mother every decision she is going to make. In modern days, she still inherits a lot of traditional Native American woman’s traits. Those spiritual figures also give us a strong background of ethnic sense. They have a connection with Rain to keep reminding her past, and they help her to find the clues of the truth and get her through crisis. Jonny is a good and reliable boyfriend, too. He also really loves Rain. He is sharing of confidences with her and giving care to her when Rain faced up difficulties. I am able to relate to the familial roles and experiences in the film because film makes it really touch my heart. 10. Language: There are few scenes that other language other than English spoken in the film. It is used effectively. The boy spoke Native American language when the teacher forced them to declare to be Americans in the classroom. He did not want to lose his own culture identity. The use of another language bears a lot value to the film. It exposed the atrocities in boarding school. You would be beaten to death even if you say an Indian word. It set off the inhuman behaviors they did to every Native American child in boarding school. It is ironic that person who actually behaves a savage wants to civilize Native Americans, they called â€Å"savage†. 11. Personal likes and dislikes: This movie really is not a view of life in boarding schools, per se. I don’t believe it was intended to be. It is a metaphor for the effects still felt today by nearly all Native Americans here in the U. S. The movie â€Å"is† a period place. All of the issues that the story touches base on are those that Natives all over Indian Country are dealing with today. It is not the direct reflection of one single reason why Natives today face the afflictions of poverty, alcoholism, abuse, unemployment, illiteracy, and loss of identity as a culture, but the culmination of many. Forced attendance into an institution specifically designed to strip away everything it means to be â€Å"Indian† just so happens to be the primary area of focus in this film. The sub-plots add depth to the characters as well as much needed comic relief. Even though this film is classified as a drama, it should be shown in every history class across the United States. 12. Research connection: The story of American Indian boarding schools needs to be told. In the past Indian children were taken from their parents, often forcibly, and put into highly- regimented schools designed to eradicate all signs of their â€Å"savagery. † Use of Indian languages in these schools was forbidden and harshly punished. This movie probably should have been a â€Å"period place† showing the experiences of an Indian child thrust into the soul-killing world of the boarding school. Perhaps it was feared this approach would limit the size of the audience. In any case we get a modern-day story, set in northern Minnesota, in which a boarding school is glimpsed only occasionally in brief flashbacks. Surrounding these flashbacks lie a plot cluttered with a bewildering number of elements: the arrogance of the Catholic Church, shock treatments, commercial development of sacred Indian lands, an election for mayor pitting a white man against a red man, gambling casinos, a love story, hallucinations and visions, family secrets leading to tensions.