Internet Pornography Censorship vs Free Speech -- Internet Pornography

The Internet is an overall system of PCs and databases that has advanced quickly as of late. Colossal measures of data are transmitted and are genuinely simple to get. Despite the fact that in the past the data accessible was generally instructive and business arranged, as of late it has gotten significantly more differing and questions have been raised with respect to the fittingness of the substance being seen and devoured. Another issue is whether the administration should play a functioning job in blue penciling it, particularly with regards to sex entertainment, or cyberporn, as it is more regularly alluded to when it is shown on the Internet. Ought to cyberporn be blue-penciled? Assuming this is the case, who is capable, guardians or the legislature? Is Internet restriction the arrangement, or an infringement of the principal correction? The residents of a majority rules system must settle on these sorts of choices while all the while keeping up opportunity and obligation on the Internet. Foundation OF THE PROBLEM Sex entertainment on the Internet and the straightforwardness at which it very well may be gotten to has been an exceptionally questionable issue, particularly over the most recent ten years. The Internet was generally unregulated until 1996 when the Communication Decency Act, a part of the Telecommunications demonstration, was proposed. The Communication Decency Act, or the CDA, made it illicit to make or request any picture or message that was â€Å"obscene† or â€Å"indecent†. (Wekesser 106), But how would we characterize terms with a vagueness, for example, these. The Court in Miller-built the cutting edge meaning of â€Å"obscene†: The essential rules of the trier of truth must be must be: (a) regardless of whether â€Å"the normal individual, applying contemporary network standards† would find that the work, taken in general, bids to the licentious... ... a popular government must accomplish a fair compromise. I concur that a great part of the cyberporn that is achievable is unseemly, particularly when it includes kids in even a remotely sexual way. In any case, oversight isn't the appropriate response. We should figure out how to rehearse opportunity of articulation while keeping up goodness and accepting accountability, as people, for our kids. Catalog: Works Cited Elmer-Dewitt, Philip (1995) â€Å"On A Screen Near You: Cyberporn.† Time, July 1995 Portage, Marrin, Esposito, Witmeyer and Gleser, Can Congress Censor The Internet? L.L.P., 1996 Simon, Glenn E. (1998), â€Å"Cyberporn and control: sacred hindrances to forestalling access to Internet sex entertainment by minors.† Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, v88 n3 p1015-1048. Wekesser, Carol. (1997). Erotic entertainment: restricting perspectives. California: Greenhaven Press, Inc.

Extra Credit Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Additional Credit Assignment - Essay Example That implies I need to work with an understaffed group. Likewise 50% of the staff doesn't have important professional training. At last the staying half of the representatives has accomplished the work in a given style for up to 15 years; adjusting to new changes might be an issue. The means I would take during the initial 90 days as chief to address these difficulties First I will get the representatives to concur that there is requirement for change. I will accumulate the workers to assess their circumstance, distinguish what the issue is and set up methods to address the circumstance. Proposed changes will be declared at that point actualized through my nearby oversight. I will ensure I don’t force the change yet rather let the representatives to deal with the procedure themselves. To do this I will arrange a workshop to help increase regular comprehension, to graph the route forward by thinking of plans, points, responsibilities and activities. I will look for through this occasion to move the staff to make applicable and genuine targets. I will manage them to make goals that are anything but difficult to achieve. Long haul goals will be isolated and be cultivated in stages. I will think of a controlling group which will include painstakingly chosen managers for offices dependent on their track records.  The group will form enough key players with the end goal that the individuals who are left don't hinder any recommended strategy. They will be individuals who order regard since declarations of such individuals are paid attention to. They will be individuals with demonstrated administration capacity. These individuals will need to have elevated level of duty and capability. One of their prompt work will be to manufacture groups inside the regions of their oversight. They will exploit the way that each person has a nature of joining a gathering. The groups they make should be careful that they are groups that are destined to commend the endeavors of one another and not contenders. In the event that they attempt to contend, at that point we will have a â€Å"win lose† circumstance whereby one gathering can attempt to exceed the other utilizing strategies that make your rival to go down with the goal that you show up on top. It will be crafted by these group chiefs to energize casual connection among the colleagues so as to make a decent working environment and raise their confidence. Each group will deal with related exercises thus one game plan will be created for them. This will guarantee solidarity, centered endeavors and facilitated quality. The progressions to be affected must mull over that the time where to understand the change is short, thus activities that will affect on transient execution will be a lot of welcome. In our conversations, all staff will need to recognize needs with the goal that every one majors on the major and minors on the minor. This will take out frequencies where a worker is completely dis tracted by an errand that is less significant leaving fixed the most significant. There is all likelihood this can happen in light of the fact that this middle experiences understaffing.  â â To guarantee smooth activities, I will ensure there is appropriate order by in addition to other things guaranteeing that the individuals who are named to any situation of power are appropriately trained. The youngsters will need to watch decides and guidelines that they help create. Motivators will be utilized to advance control. While distinguished hindrances will be evacuated, accomplishments just as progress will be remunerated. I will work at staying away from steady reactions since along these lines they won’

Alexander Hamilton: Financial Plan Essay

After the Founding Fathers sanctioned the Constitution, they understood that they needed to manage sixty-3,000,000 dollars obligation that they owed to the individuals who participated in the American Revolution. So as to repay this obligation Alexander Hamilton made a budgetary program. In any case, a few Republicans, for example, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison believed that his arrangement was unlawful in light of the fact that one would need to utilize the fundamental and legitimate proviso which the vast majority dreaded on the grounds that it gave the administration an excess of intensity. This, be that as it may, isn't so Alexander Hamilton’s budgetary arrangement anyway was for the most part established on the grounds that it permitted it to utilize the forces just as duties congress previously had, for example, print its own type of cash, issue charges, and at last result obligations. Hamilton’s money related arrangement can be separated to four sections the tax assessment, national bank, Hamilton’s reports, and the presumption plan every one of the four were inside his privileges to do as such. One of the four pieces of Hamilton’s monetary arrangement was tax collection. He set an expense on Distilled Spirits, or also called bourbon, in light of the fact that very few individuals created it and sold it. This piece of his arrangement that was totally protected. Since it is one of the identified powers as found in the Constitution (I, 8, 1) that Congress is permitted to gather and duty expenses to take care of an obligation. Therefore Hamilton’s tax collection on refined spirits was sacred. The second piece of the money related arrangement was the making of the national bank. A few things the national bank did were that it built up a national money and set up credit in the nation and abroad. The national bank was sacred in light of the fact that it could have been done through the flexible condition, or the important and legitimate statement (I, 8, 18). This proviso could have been utilized in light of the fact that it permitted Congress coin cash, take care of obligations made in the Revolution, and direct trade. Additionally, each of the three are specified forces. Another piece of the monetary program was the reports proposed by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton introduced three reports from January 1790 to December 1791. The primary was a report on open credit. This proposed to supplant old bonds with new ones for the individuals who had them. What's more, the Federal government would likewise â€Å"assume† the state obligations. This should be possible through the essential and legitimate proviso since this would at last permit the administration take care of a portion of its obligations. The subsequent report was additionally a report on Public credit in this one anyway he needed to put an expense on refined spirits. This could have been done in view of in the Constitution, (I, 8, 1), congress had the ability to burden. He additionally proposed the production of the national bank. This also could have been done through the essential and appropriate proviso on the grounds that the national bank would assist Congress with using its different forces like coin cash and manage business. The third and last report was the report on make. In this Hamilton proposed a program where the administration would help and energize the assembling venture and American enterprises. In this report Hamilton needed to put taxes on imported products to secure American Industries. This additionally permitted them to contend with the more cheap European imports. This could likewise have been accomplished through the essential and legitimate condition since it would support innovators and it would consider an assessment which would help with the obligation. What Hamilton proposed in the reports was protected for the most part through the fundamental and appropriate proviso. The last piece of Hamilton’s money related arrangement is the presumption plan. The suspicion plan is where the administration would â€Å"assume† all state obligations by taking care of all bonds sold at face esteem. This would eventually assist America with increasing great credit. This arrangement was unreasonably established for it helped take care of obligations which is one of the duties of Congress expressed in the Constitution (I, 8, 1). Thusly the Elastic statement could be utilized to state that this arrangement is sacred. With everything taken into account, all pieces of Alexander Hamilton’s monetary program were sacred. The bourbon charge was sacred through Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the constitution. The national bank could have been defended through the versatile provision. The reports were likewise sacred through mostly the fundamental and legitimate statement. The presumption plan was additionally sacred on the grounds that it upheld Article I, Section 8, Clause 1. This demonstrates the defendability of Hamilton’s monetary program.

The Impact of the IT and the Internet on Plagiarism - 275 Words

The Impact of the IT and the Internet on Plagiarism (Article Sample) Content: Impact of technology on daily life: Bombarded with devices like computer,smart phone we have become totally dependent on gadgets. The wi-fi router is always on,enabling us to know the updates of all things on line like social media,emails among others. We can read newspapers at any time of the day with the latest news. E books have resulted in availability of classic literature for everyone which otherwise would be available only in select libraries of the world. They have their own features. E books can be designed to be interactive,with the option of note taking. The book layout,graphics and illustrations are far superior when compared to printed books. They occupy less size and can be read on a smart phone or a tablet .They can be competitively priced and sold directly to customers.Is it a healthy sign to stop reading books, newspapers, magazines in print and instead do the same on line. What about the writing habits? How much do we write on paper every day? Letter writing is a best forgotten art. Handwriting is a reflection of human mind. When we write neatly it means our thoughts are well organized. Dirty handwriting means otherwise.As of today,plagiarism is easily identified in academic writing,research writing among others. Gone are the days of 'copy and paste' writing indulged in by plagiarist writers of notorious reputation. Earlier,not too many years ago,plagiarist writers had a field day copying content from all over the Internet web pages and pasting into the w...

The American Education System Essay - 2534 Words

To understand how to solve a problem, we must first understand what we are trying to fix. For example, can a carpenter without any medical experience repair a heart valve? Of course not, he or she must first obtain the proper education necessary to perform such a complex operation. The same can be said about the American education system. Throughout America’s history parents, educators, and government officials have been debating what changes must be implemented for American children to receive every opportunity possible to gain an education that will prepare them for the future. However, these cries for reform are so demanding that many times the reforms created to please the people are pushed through so fast that consequences are never†¦show more content†¦As it is now, schools with low standardized test scores are â€Å"punished† by having their federal funding cut or decreased. The attitude is, if you drop below standards, fix it, or you are out. How is this going to help schools raise test scores? This has had a detrimental effect on the possibility of schools to improve. For standardized testing to be useful in the school system, to hold teachers and schools accountable for what is taught, there must be an equality established first in schools. If standardized testing, with the cause and effect it creates, remains in place as our education systems measurement of accountability, then schools will continue to fail which will result in a loss of funds and they will eventually have to close. Sixteenth century author and philosopher Sir Francis Bacon stated, â€Å"Knowledge is power† (Bacon). In other words, education gives the obtainer power to move beyond the normal realm and venture many times into unchartered waters. Thomas Jefferson believed that education should be available to everyone regardless of wealth or the lack thereof. By doing this, it would create equality among Americans and would give people the understanding to govern themselves and become a positive contributor to society (Mondale Patton, 2001). To accomplish this feat, the public school was created to give Americans the ability to attend an educational institution, free of charge,Show MoreRelatedThe American Education System Education1438 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Education System Education plays important role in society. It determines the final development of an adult’s personality. In today’s society most jobs require a University degree. To receive a University degree students need to rely on a good education system. Does America provide this? The American education system has relied on the grade point average system for a long time. The problem with this is there is not a universal GPA grade point system varying from course to course. This createsRead MoreAmerican Education System Of Education852 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult to understand the American system of education and the how to cope with American students. To make foreign students understand and able to cope with the American higher education system, the author explains some assumption that is behind the education system. He noted that American higher education system has a connection with both the mechanical feature and the cultural beliefs, but not intellectual only as it is in many countries. People lacking knowledge of American culture may find it difficultRead MoreThe American Education System1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe American education system is set up to create a clear division between the social classes. The quality of the education that children receive depends on whether they attend an elite school or urban schools. Elite schools are located in upper class neighborhoods. Students who attend elite schools receive high quality education. 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Slavery Was A Part Of Many Societies And Nations Around...

Slavery was a part of many societies and nations around the world in times past. There was slavery in North America before the United States was established. However, the United States continued the practice until the Civil War in the mid-1800s. Before the Civil War, slavery and descendants of slaves were much of the backbone and strength of the society and economy of the United States. Slavery really fully developed during the colonial times; boomed in the South during the antebellum times; and finally dissipated after a war proved to be the only way to resolve the controversy. Slavery in the New World started in 1492 when Europeans started migrating, and slaves were brought from Africa to the Americas with the Atlantic Slave Trade during colonial times. Slavery not only brought free labor for the agriculture industry, but also provided a well-paying business in itself. Slave traders would buy slaves from African leaders and then sell them in the Americas (U.S.: A Narrative History , p. 49). The Atlantic Slave Trade lasted from the late 1400s to 1760 (U.S.: A Narrative History, p. 50). African slaves planted and harvested cash crops that served as a main player in the economy of the colonies (U.S.: A Narrative History Textbook, p. 56). Robert Beverly says that slaves in Virginia are responsible for many farming activities (The Differences Between Servants and Slaves, p. 18). By the time the colonies were in the Revolutionary War, Africans or African-Americans made up 20Show MoreRelatedAmerican Slavery Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery, especially in America, has been an age old topic of riveting discussions. Specialist and other researchers have been digging around for countless years looking for answers to the many questions that such an activity provided. 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Far back dated racism first began when the modern slave trade was brought around the world. In Greece and in

State Co-Operation And Development Bbenefit and Ways of Co-Operation

Question: When and Why do states co-operate? Answer: Introduction A state is referred to as an established political unit, where power is from a central region, which is under one government. A state comprises of many societies within its boundaries. A state has the political power to rule the communities that are under it. Thus, all the countries in the world today are referred to as states, as they govern all the communities within their range (Bowman Kearney 2017). One single government governs a state. This state government sets up rules that guide the entire state; these regulations outline how activities in that state are carried out. These regulations may be specific powers, responsibilities and more reserved superiority that the national government does not have. With the institution of sovereignty and statehood, states can co-operate politically, militarily and economically. Each three ways of co-operation provide states with mutual benefits. At the minimum, a state will comply and co-operate to avoid conflict. States will always show cooperation with other states because they need each other at times. States make the decision of cooperating with each other, only if they have interests to achieve from the Cooperation (Organization for Economic Co-operation and development 2010). For instance, in the World War, the United Kingdom and America partnered in bringing down Germany (Hinds 2016). This cooperation was developed because of their interests in winning the world war and bringing down Germany. States will always cooperate to achieve some various benefits. According to histories, there have been unions formed among states from the cooperation. As mentioned earlier, states cooperate in three ways, which is political co-operation, military c o-operation, and economic co-operation. This essay aims at providing reasons as to why states cooperate with each and when they do so. It is a comprehensive analysis of the historical alliances that have been formed so far in the history and the benefit that these states accrued from the cooperation. Political Co-operation The main reason as to why organizations co-operate politically is to solve international conflicts in a more diplomatic manner. Political cooperation is the union between different government from various states, who collaborate to achieve a shared agenda or objective. This political cooperation is aimed at solving international matters and working together with nations for the advantage of all the states involved (Das 2013). For instance, this partnership involves the formation of mutual relationships within states, where ambassadors in each are allocated to represent their countries. Political cooperation involves the understanding of state cultures, to be able to solve global issues amicably. Political co-operation can occur in different circumstances such as economic issues facing countries, defining boundaries within territories or during terrorist attacks, where military assistance is needed (Quillin 2014). For example, a political co-operation between the United States and Afr ican countries has developed, where America offers the third world countries financial assistance to boost their economic status (Vivekanandan 2016). After the World War II, United Nations (UN) was formed. This major political co-operation has been there since the end of World War II. The aim of the cooperation was to create a body that would enhance collaboration among states politically. Thus the UN was formed. This organization aims to promote unity in political states (United Nations 2009). This organization aims to enhance political cooperation among all the states in the world. It ensures that states related peacefully among each other. The main reason behind the establishment of this intergovernmental organization was to prevent the third World War from occurring. Political cooperation involves forming treaties that seek to build mutual relationships among each member state. There are other instances of political cooperation in the world. The second evidence of political cooperation is the formation of the African Union. Muammar Gaddafi established this Union in Ethiopia on 26 May 2001. This political collaboration was aimed at promoting economic and political status within the African States. This Union replaced Organization of African Union, a treaty that had been formed in 1963. This union had many goals which it aimed to achieve. Among them were to protect the territorial boundaries of African states, to enhance the relationship between member states, to enhance cooperation internationally and to promote stability and peace in member states ( Badejo 2008).among its achievements, the African Union has seen massive growth of cooperation with other countries in the world. Another political union that was formed was the organization of American States. This union was formed with the aim of establishing cooperation between the American states. This organization has seen 35 member states join the union. It was formed on April 30, 1948 (Finkelman 2009). The objectives were for political reasons. For instances, this union seeks to enhance the integrity of territorial boundaries within the member states, eradicate poverty and to improve the union between these countries. With the end of the Cold War, in the 1990s, the Organization of American States (OAU). Took a new direction to fit the comeback of democracy in America (Ronald 2008). It established new objectives. These objectives include: The primary objective was to encourage democracy in member states by giving the government, both national and international more strength. This encouragement would, in turn, help American states to fight against corruption. Other objectives were enhancing peace and unity, fighting for human rights, establishing free trade in the continent and finally bringing about balanced development in these states. The Southeast Asian nations also agreed to form a union for political cooperation. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed with ten member states in 1967. This association aims to promote economic affairs and promote peace and unity among the member states. This union seeks to help every member state in research of matters that are similar to the states. The association aims to create stability economically of member states to enhance studies in the Southeast Asian region (Asean 2009). Military Co-operation Military cooperation is formed in agreement among different states to curb security crisis. This collaboration is often established even without a crisis at hand. These nations in the military alliance collaboration, aim at offering support to member states at any time. These alliances are loyal to their agreement ant they promise to be there for a state whenever the need arises. Military alliances are formed to secure each others interest and to prevent war among the nations. This cooperation ensures that all conflicts between nations are solved peacefully and that a consensus is reached. One of the important military collaboration was during the World War II. France, American, and Britain supported each other in conquering Nazi Germany (Harris et al. 2015). These nations supported each other and showed their loyalty during the war. Nations in the world have shown to form a military alliance with each other. After the World War II, there were military alliances that were born with t he aim of preventing a third attack. The super power countries led to these military alliances after the war, which is the United States and the Soviet Union There were two main alliances, that is, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact (Heiss 2013).These military alliances had one goal of fighting back if one of the States was attacked. These military alliances were formed from the existence of two super power states. This period was the era of the Cold War. NATO alliance This collaboration was formed immediately after the Second World War It consisted of US, European countries in the west and Canada. Its main objective was to stop communism being spread by the Soviet Union (NATO 2015). This military alliance was formed in 1949. The United States wanted to prevent the spread communism in the continent. Other objectives of this alliance were to help European states to rebuild their economies after World War II and to prevent the occurrence of attacks by the Soviet Union. It aimed at providing for the member states security against the cold war attack and other attacks as well that may come up. This alliance has kept the history of being the biggest peace military alliance. NATO is still in existence up to date despite the fact that it was formed to counter the Cold War that was developing at that time. Members have insisted on maintaining the alliance for future security reasons. Warsaw Pact alliance This cooperation was formed in 1955.This alliance was also a post-World War II collaboration that aimed at fighting against the NATO states. The member states of this Pact were European countries in the east, such as Germany, Soviet Union, and Poland among others (The United States 2009). The leader of this alliance was the Soviet Union. The main objectives were to provide the Soviet Union a buffer zone of allied states between the Western countries and Russian to discourage a third German invasion in the 20th century. This alliance would ensure no more war operations took place in the state. However, in 1991, this alliance was disintegrated because there was no confrontation between the east and west countries. At this time, Soviet Union had begun falling apart (Pappas and Kramer 2009). OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) This military co-operation deals with security issues of the member's states. According to Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (2007), it was formed in 1973 as CSCE but was renamed into OSCE in 1995. It comprises of 57 members in part of America, Asia, and Europe. The primary objectives of this military alliance are conflict management, safeguarding human rights, and fighting for the press freedom. It also promotes post-conflict rehabilitation and management of the major crisis in member states. Military alliances always combine all the co-operation for the states. These alliances more than often encompass political, security and economic stabilities of nations. Military cooperation creates a peaceful ground for all the other state co-operation to take place within states and internationally. They offer protection to government states against terrorism and other war attacks. Economic Co-operation These are the partnership of states regarding wealth, resources, and finances. This is how countries relate to each other when money is involved. This collaboration in economies occurs in the process of trade among the states. After the Soviet Union had gone down, economic trade increased due to the increase in capitalist markets and significantly influenced individuals in the nations. This has led to growth in the economy of each state, and their main goal is to improve their infrastructures and increase the economic influence internationally. Economic alliances in the world have realized a different direction, due to the increase in freedom of economies in states and integration of finances (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2009). The fact that, countries can overcome barriers to currencies and trade entries, the collaboration of states economically has become much easier. Through this economic co-operation, states globally have been able to form unions that assist in improving each state's economy. This union forms trade relationships within the member states and ensure that trading within is free and trade barriers are eliminated by the government state. The primary goal of economic co-operation is to take the economy of an individual state a notch higher. Some of the unions formed are: European Union This an excellent example of an economic union in Europe that is made up of 28 states. It was first established in 1958; however, other two treaties were signed after (Woolcock 2016). The main objective of the European Union to established a market internally, for all member states. There was imposed a standards system of regulations in that market. The goal was to establish free trade within that market that was to ensure services, products, and people move freely without restriction in the process of trading. This European Union has managed to create one market for all the member states. After the World War II, Europe economic was completely demolished and by establishing this union, it was a way of healing the scar that had been left behind after the war. The European Union has managed to bring back the economy of Europe into a stabilized and better position (Nell 2010). In the 21st century, European Union is the largest economy presently in the world. In the latest statistics, en d of the fiscal year 2016, the Gross Domestic Product of European Union was at $16 trillion (Anon 2007). The members of the European Union are placed under a geographical region known as Eurozone.in this economic and geographical region, the euro currency is adopted for use. Globally the euro has been classified as the liquid currency in comparison to others, and thus its development is far ahead. This currency has gained more preferences in Central Banks, and the rank position in the bank is rising. The presence of Eurozone integrates nations to the regional organization in the entire Europe (Anon 2009). In improving the economy of member states of the Union, the European Central Bank has a role in setting rates that minimize inflation throughout Europe. It also sets rules that states have to follow when carrying out trade in the region. However, due to this rules there a lot of limitation in self-determination by organizations. Commonwealth of Nations This intergovernmental organization was initial known as British Commonwealth. This organization was first founded in 1926 but was declared in London in1949. It is made of 52 member states and headed by Queen Elizabeth II. It bases its motivation on equal and free grounds (McIntyre 2009). This organization was established for economic co-operation among the member states. It aims at promoting democracy, free trade, peace and unity, and equality. The main objectives that this organization seeks to achieve are the fight against diseases, poverty, and ignorance among member states. Apart from being a political alliance, the African Union is an economic union as well. Its primary objectives regarding the economy are to accelerate the economic factors within the member states. This union seeks to harmonize economic regulations with the member states, to develop a condition that allows member states to carry out trade freely and to cut down the barriers of trade within this states. For instance, this member states have developed a trade relationship with other countries internationally, and have received trade security from the Union (African Union 2007). Conclusion This analysis provides the insights into the main reasons as to why States cooperates with others. The report is a complete examination of the three reasons why states corporate and when they do so. There is a full outline, of case examples of unions that portray the collaboration of states with others internationally. State co-operation is brought out as an important aspect of the economy, political stability and security purposes of an organization. This report brings out the importance of the state cooperation and why every state should collaborate with other states in achieving various benefits as an independent state. This report develops an in-depth exploration of economic co-operation, political co-operation and military alliances in the world. In a nutshell, for a country to relates well with other states internationally, it should build a foundation for collaborating with others through joining states unions. References (2007). OECD Economic Surveys: European Union. Paris, OECD Publishing. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/2072506x Asean. (2009). ASEAN political-security community blueprint. Jakarta, ASEAN Secretariat. Badejo, D. (2008). The African Union. New York, Chelsea House. Bowman, A. O., Kearney, R. C. (2017). State And Local Government. Das, K. (2013). China And Central Asia political, economic and security co-operation. New Delhi, New Century Publ. Harris, N., Borrough, S., Vaughan, J. (2015). 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